Mastectomy
A surgical approach to remove one or both breasts.
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Mastectomy
Understanding Breast Anatomy and Breast Cancer
The breast is a complex structure composed of fatty tissue, glandular tissue, and connective tissue. It plays a significant role in the female reproductive system, particularly in breastfeeding. Breast cancer, a condition where cells in the breast grow out of control, is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. It can occur in different parts of the breast and, if left untreated, can spread to other parts of the body.
When Does Mastectomy Become Necessary
A mastectomy, or breast removal surgery, becomes necessary when breast cancer is present and other treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation are not sufficient or suitable. It may also be recommended as a preventive measure for individuals with a high risk of developing breast cancer due to genetic factors.
Overview of the Mastectomy Procedure
A mastectomy involves the surgical removal of all breast tissue, including the nipple, areola, and skin. The procedure aims to treat or prevent breast cancer. In some cases, breast reconstruction can be performed immediately after the mastectomy or at a later date.
Key takeways
- A mastectomy is a surgical procedure to remove one or both breasts, typically to treat or prevent breast cancer.
- The cost of a mastectomy in the UK ranges from £5,000 to £8,000, with most private health insurance plans covering the procedure.
- Breast cancer, the primary reason for a mastectomy, is caused by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
- Alternatives to mastectomy include breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy), radiation therapy, and systemic treatments like chemotherapy or hormone therapy.
- Preparation for a mastectomy includes preoperative tests, discussions with the healthcare team, and potentially making arrangements for help at home during recovery.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a Mastectomy?
A mastectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of all breast tissue, including the nipple, areola, and skin, typically to treat or prevent breast cancer.
What are the Alternatives to Mastectomy?
Alternatives to mastectomy include breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy), radiation therapy, and systemic treatments like chemotherapy or hormone therapy.
What is the Cost of a Mastectomy in the UK?
The cost of a mastectomy in the UK can range from £5,000 to £8,000, depending on various factors such as the hospital, surgeon's fees, and whether reconstruction is included.
What is the Recovery Process After a Mastectomy?
Recovery from a mastectomy involves rest and limited physical activity for several weeks. Physical therapy may be recommended to restore arm movement. Regular follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor healing and any signs of cancer recurrence.
Further Information on the Service
Causes of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is caused by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. It occurs when some breast cells begin to grow abnormally, dividing more rapidly than healthy cells and accumulating to form a lump or mass.
Conditions Warranting Mastectomy
Mastectomy is recommended for treating invasive breast cancer, particularly when the cancer is present in multiple areas of the breast or when the patient has a high risk of recurrence. It may also be chosen as a preventive measure by those with a high risk of developing breast cancer.
Related Concerns
Potential complications of breast cancer that may warrant a mastectomy include the spread of cancer to other parts of the body, recurrence of cancer, and the psychological impact of living with a cancer diagnosis.
Treatment Approaches
Treatment options for breast cancer include surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. The choice of treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer, the patient's overall health, and their personal preferences.
Alternatives to Mastectomy
Alternatives to mastectomy include breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy), radiation therapy, and systemic treatments like chemotherapy or hormone therapy. These treatments aim to preserve as much of the breast as possible while effectively treating the cancer.
Service Overview
A mastectomy involves the removal of all breast tissue, including the nipple and areola. The procedure is performed under general anaesthesia and may also involve the removal of lymph nodes near the breast. In some cases, breast reconstruction can be performed immediately after the mastectomy or at a later date.
Benefits and Risks of Mastectomy
The primary benefit of a mastectomy is the effective treatment or prevention of breast cancer. However, the procedure also carries risks, including pain, swelling, infection, bleeding, and psychological distress. There may also be complications related to breast reconstruction if this is performed.
Preparation for Surgery
Preparation for a mastectomy includes preoperative tests, discussions with the healthcare team about the procedure and recovery, and potentially making arrangements for help at home during recovery. Patients may also need to fast for a certain period before the surgery.
Pre-surgery Procedures and Checks
Upon arrival at the hospital, patients will undergo final checks, including a review of their medical history and current health status. They may also meet with the anaesthetist to discuss the anaesthesia.
Step-by-Step Guide to Mastectomy
- The patient is put under general anaesthesia.
- The surgeon makes an incision on the breast.
- All breast tissue is removed.
- If necessary, lymph nodes near the breast are also removed.
- The incision is closed with stitches.
- If immediate reconstruction is planned, this is performed before the incision is closed. ### Postoperative Care After the surgery, patients are monitored in a recovery room. Pain management is a key aspect of postoperative care. Patients will also have surgical drains in place to remove fluid from the surgical site. ### Recovery and Rehabilitation Recovery from a mastectomy varies but generally involves rest and limited physical activity for several weeks. Physical therapy may be recommended to restore arm movement. Regular follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor healing and any signs of cancer recurrence. ## References
- "Mastectomy." Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/mastectomy/about/pac-20394670
- "Mastectomy (Total Breast Removal Surgery)." Penn Medicine. https://www.pennmedicine.org/cancer/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer/breast-cancer-treatment/mastectomy
- "Mastectomy." Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/breast/treatment/mastectomy
- "What is a Mastectomy?" American Cancer Society. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/treatment/surgery-for-breast-cancer/mastectomy.html
- "Mastectomy - The Procedure." Susan G. Komen. https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/treatment/type/surgery/mastectomy/procedure-information/
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